Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is characterised by an exaggerated sense of one’s own importance, a strong need for approval and attention, a lack of empathy for other people, and dysfunctional interpersonal relationships. The person experiencing the symptoms may find them to be detrimental. They often overstate how important they are and use other people to further their own agendas. Both their personal and professional lives could suffer as a result of this. Individuals who suffer from narcissistic personality disorder react violently and despise others they perceive as inferior because they expect to be acknowledged as superior even in the absence of accomplishments. They have a strong sense of entitlement and find it difficult to deal with stress, anxiety, and other mood swings when their needs are not satisfied.

Emotional equilibrium problems are also present in NPD patients. They struggle to control their feelings and actions, adjust slowly to life’s changes, and secretly harbour feelings of vulnerability and insecurity. They become emotionally depressed and begin to distance themselves from other people when they are unable to achieve their ideal of perfection. Typically, these individuals behave impulsively, which could potentially be detrimental to them.

Narcissism

Overt narcissism: this type of narcissism makes the person stand out from the crowd because of their apparent unique characteristics. The strong opinions of others about them serve to elevate them. The main issues they worry about are their entitlement complex and self-centeredness.

Covert narcissism: Individuals suffering from covert narcissism are prone to displaying traits of self-importance and admiration, as well as a persistent need for external validation. Compared to overt narcissism, this type of disorder is more secluded. It has been mentioned in detail later in this article.  

Other forms of narcissistic personality disorder includes-

• Communal narcissism (defined as an increased sense of competitiveness)
• Antagonistic narcissism (appears more as a selfless individual; secluded form)

Symptoms of narcissistic personality disorders:

The symptoms of the disorder determine its severity. The following are some of the vivid symptoms of NPD:

• Amplification of accomplishments beyond reality 
• Overinflated sense of self 
• Continual need for approval from other people
• Treat those who they do not think are important in their lives harshly
• Willingly exploit others in order to complete their own tasks
• feeling that others are equally envious of them  
• Demand to be in possession of the best available 

What could be the possible cause of this disorder?

Although there are a number of variables that may affect the disorder’s occurrence, its precise cause is unknown. Patients with NPD experience extreme distress, which makes them suffer more, for both genetic and environmental reasons. Some of these, according to researchers, may have an impact on the disorder.

• In the person’s relationship, they experienced either an excessive amount or insufficient admiration.
• The overstatement of accomplishments in childhood.
• Overly cautious parenting in the early years.
• Childhood experiences of abandonment or neglect.
• Additionally, neurobiology has a major impact on how the disorder develops.
• There is also a role for inherited traits and characteristics.

Malignant narcissism

This variety of NPD is more closely associated with the disorder’s overt manifestation. Despite being one of the disorder’s most dangerous forms, it is not a diagnostic category. When they deceive others or hurt their feelings in order to obtain something in return, the person who is affected by it feels fulfilled. They take that sense of confidence and superiority and use it to increase their own self-assurance. People with malignant narcissism lack empathy, exploit others to satisfy themselves, show little or no interest in the other person’s opinions or needs, believe that they are gifted and special, and consider themselves highly superior to any other being.

Covert Narcissism

Covert narcissism, also called vulnerable narcissism, is defined as people who appear to be introverted and self-absorbed, lack the ability to connect with other people, and are self-centred. They have an extremely low self and have the tendency to be self conscious and insensitive towards what other people think or believe. People with covert narcissism are highly sensitive to criticism. When they receive criticism, they become extremely conscious and may not respond in a favourable manner. Observing how a person responds to criticism can provide insight into their narcissistic traits.
People with this form of narcissistic personality disorder need admiration to help boost their self esteem. This involves constant attention from their close friends, and when the desired attention is not received, they tend to feel low and even get depressed.

Narcissistic relationships

When both partners in a relationship show the traits of narcissistic personality disorder, it is concluded that they are in a narcissistic relationship. Both of them have the concept of superiority over one another, and their opinions are neglected or looked down upon by one another. Every person with NPD tends to mask their insecurities and fragile self-esteem with a coat of confidence that they portray. People in a narcissistic relationship require a constant need for affirmation from their partners. A narcissistic relationship can cause various types of emotional distress.
As the world improves and modernises each day, people are getting more involved in work. Psychological disorders are also increasing with pressure from professional and personal fields. People are becoming more aware of the outside world, and that directly or indirectly influences their thought processes, decision making capability, and other cognitive processes. When the intensity of disorder increases and starts affecting our daily lives, it becomes a matter of concern. It is best to consult a doctor and seek help when things start to get out of hand.

What signs of narcissistic personality disorder can you look out for in your partner?

It is essential to take a closer look at what is wrong with your partner. NPD is a disorder that can be treated with the use of several therapeutic methods. Some of the very crucial symptoms to trace in your partner’s behaviour pattern are exploitive mannerism and manipulative behavioural changes. These might also include changes in behaviour patterns inside and outside of your house. If your partner tends to put you down more often than not, tries to demean you, you feel a lack of connection, you are being constantly gaslighted, or you are unaware of his sudden outburst of rage on you, then it is definitely suggestive to consult for help. 

Conclusion

In summary, it’s critical to watch out for any signs in your partner and anyone you know, in order to support their therapy visit. Patients tend to do better in their lives over time with therapy and counseling. Additionally, it’s critical to avoid provoking or inciting them since doing so would just make them feel worse.

FAQs

1. What are the common symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)?
   • Common symptoms of NPD include an inflated sense of self-worth, a deep need for attention and admiration, a lack of empathy, and difficulty maintaining healthy relationships.
2. How does NPD affect personal and professional life?
   • Relationships in both personal and professional spheres can be negatively impacted by NPD because of the person’s lack of empathy, manipulative behaviour, and self-centeredness.
3. What is the difference between overt and covert narcissism?
   • Overt narcissism involves outward displays of grandiosity and self-importance, while covert narcissism, also known as vulnerable narcissism, manifests as a more introverted and sensitive form of narcissism.
4. What is malignant narcissism?
   • Malignant narcissism is not an official diagnostic category, but it refers to a particularly dangerous form of NPD characterised by a desire to harm others for personal gain and a lack of empathy.
5. How can one identify covert narcissism?
   • Introverted, sensitive to criticism, and low on self-esteem are characteristics of covert narcissists. They often require constant admiration to boost their self-esteem.
6. What is a narcissistic relationship?
   • A narcissistic relationship arises when both partners display narcissistic traits, creating a dynamic in which each individual feels better than the other and disregards their partner’s needs and opinions.
7. How can a narcissistic relationship affect individuals emotionally?
   • Narcissistic relationships can lead to emotional distress, as both partners may struggle with insecurity, a lack of empathy, and a constant need for affirmation.
8. Why is it important to seek help for narcissistic personality disorder?
   • Seeking help is crucial when NPD starts affecting daily life because therapy and support can help individuals with NPD improve their relationships and overall well-being.
9. What should someone do if they suspect they or a loved one has narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)?
   • If you suspect you or someone you know has NPD, it’s advisable to consult a mental health professional for a proper evaluation and guidance on treatment options.